Essay about Reason and Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Reason and love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is often read as a dramatization of the incompatibility of â€Å"reason and love† (III.i. 127), yet many critics pay little attention to how Shakespeare manages to draw his audience into meditating on these notions independently (Burke 116). The play is as much about the conflict between passion and reason concerning love, as it is a warning against attempting to understand love rationally. Similarly, trying to understand the play by reason alone results in an impoverished reading of the play as a whole – it is much better suited to the kind of emotive, arbitrary understanding that is characteristic of dreams. Puck apologises directly to us, the audience,†¦show more content†¦48) without the ability to look beyond what he sees. The notion of fantasy versus reality is not limited only to the fairies, however; Shakespeare makes his audience aware of supernatural elements in other characters as well by his use of different styles of verse. Furthermore, by comparing the play-within-a-play, and the royals’ response to it, to the larger narrative, Shakespeare gives further warning against literalising the effects of the play. Metaphor pervades the play and the play should likewise be read as metaphor. There are three distinct levels of action during the play. Firstly, we as the audience see the characters play out the main narratives. Secondly, Shakespeare introduces a play-within-a-play during which the audience observes the mechanicals acting out their tragedy, and thirdly, as part of an epilogue, we are addressed directly by Puck. These differing levels of viewing the play encourages the audience to reflect upon, and compare, the interplay between the levels of address; when the three levels are compared to each other a deeper reading of the play becomes possible, even though the structure is irrational with regards to rational narrative structures. The dramatic conflict is resolved after the fourth act, begging the question of why Shakespeare opted for a play-within-a-play for his final act. The effect of â€Å"Nature† (V.i. 278) is contrasted between the mainShow MoreRelatedWeathering the Storms of True Love1159 Words   |  5 Pages Sitting on a porch swing with ones true love hugging and kissing as the moon smiles down upon them, seems like the perfect situation for true love. Unfortunately, nothing could be further from the truth. Shakespeare presents the truth about true love in his comical tragedy A Midsummer Nights Dream. Lysander clearly stated loves situation when he told Hermia the course of true love never did run smooth (Griffiths 94). In some ways Lysanders declaration becomes the plays structuralRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing bar of literary works. A reason for this could be the inclination of everyday people to the consistent and underlying concept of romance in each of Shakespeare’s plays and related movies. For instance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespeare himself, everything from his love affair with Viola de Lesseps to his cr eation of Romeo and Juliet. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is one of the most famous plays ofRead MoreThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare In A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare presents us with multiple types of love by using numerous couples in various different situations. For example: Doting loves, the love induced by Oberons potion and in some aspects, Lysander and Hermias love for each other; there are true loves: Oberon and Titania, Lysander and Hermia (for the first half at least, as Lysanders love switches to Helena temporarily)Read MoreEssay on Analysis of Rationality In A Midsummer Nights Dream1058 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is not simply a light-hearted comedy; it is a study of the abstract. Shakespeare shows that the divide between the dream world and reality is inconstant and oftentimes indefinable. Meanwhile, he writes about the power of the intangible emotions, jealousy and desire, to send the natural and supernatural worlds into chaos. Love and desire are the driving forces of this play’s plot, leaving the different characters and social classes to sort out the resultingRead MoreLiterary Love Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesLove - possibly the most powerful four-letter word known to man. A feeling and emotion so strong that it makes it nearly impossible to put its meaning into words. However, it is also one of the most explored subjects in the world of literature. Whether in a comedy or a tragedy, the theme of love is v ery often expressed. This theme can be expressed in many different ways, for example, positively causing everyone to live happily ever after in a fairytale type of world, negatively being the causeRead MoreThe Anatomy Of Criticism By Northrop Frye991 Words   |  4 Pageslife and love over the waste land† (Frye). This structuralist approach is crucial to analyzing Shakespeare s comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream. One finds that the play revolves around many different pairs of oppositions, in particular that of the court and the forest. Analyzing the play with this structuralist point of view underscores the archetypal qualities of the court (the real world) and the forest and provides a deep contrast between both mythic locations. A Midsummer Night’s Dream begins inRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesA Midsummer NIght’s Dream A â€Å" Midsummer Night’s Dream† is a classical play written by William Shakespeare. It is one of his more eccentric piece of work. The play is about the struggle of love between four essential characters: Hermia, Lysander, Demetrius , and Helena. However, it is not quite that simple. The play is quite confusing. In â€Å"Midsummer Night’s dream† the play take place in two realms fairy realm and human realm, two of the three main settings. Another one of the settings take placeRead MoreSimilarities Between Hamlet And A Midsummer Nights Dream1324 Words   |  6 Pagesand A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is the concept of a play within a play. This concept helps create suspension because both plays critically involve the topic death, but they also shed light unto Shakespeare as a poet because it plays with the idea of meta-theatre. Another similarity between the two plays is that they include a message regarding absurd love. â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbeâ⠂¬  focuses on two doomed lovers in a comical way, whereas â€Å"The Mousetrap† in Hamlet doesn’t address the concept of love directlyRead MoreThe Roots Of Fantasy Assignment : A Midsummer Night s Dream911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roots of Fantasy Assignment: A Midsummer Night’s Dream William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream was written in the early modern period somewhere between 1595 and 1596. The play showcases elements of the fantasy genre which not only influence the plot and overall world of the play but significantly developed and contributed to the genre itself. Shakespeare contrasts the lawful setting of Athens with the enchanted, magical world of the forest, capturing how the role of imagination andRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream1094 Words   |  5 PagesJeana Jago Theater History J. Robideau October,1st 2015 A Midsummer Night’s Dream In a Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare story about romantic desire. Theseus and Hippolyta, are about to be married; both of them are wonderful figures from classical mythology. (Greek Mythology) Theseus is a great warrior, a kinsman of Hercules; Hippolyta is an Amazon warrior-woman, defeated in battle by Theseus. (Theseus and Hippolyta) He was longing for the wedding day, and this is what opens the play and closing

Essay on Late Adulthood - 1511 Words

The Bucket List Movie Review Rhea F. Dahilig PSYCH-320 4/15/2010 FOREWORD The journey through late adulthood can be experienced in different ways. One particular movie entitled â€Å"The Bucket List† exhibits an astounding portrayal of late adulthood. In fact, there are many accounts that the movie entails about late-adulthood. This includes the illustration of Erickson’s late adulthood stage – â€Å"Ego Integrity vs. Despair,† wisdom, marriage, friendship, parent-child relationship, and death and dying in late adulthood. Having given less than a year to live because of cancer, the two characters – Edward Cole and Carter Chambers seem to deal with despair rather than integrity, a stage Erickson depicts for late adulthood based on his†¦show more content†¦I believe both characters are wise in their own way. Edward is wise in the business world, where he states that Presidents have asked for his advice and have dined with royalties all due to his well-renowened wisdom in that category being that hes been around that business since the age of 16. Carter, especially, is wise in life lessons. He mentioned numerous words of wisdom throughout the movie and amongst them, my favorite was, I believe that you measure yourself by the people who measure themselves by you. For me though, one does not have to be in the late adulthood stage to be wise. I believe that, we, as humans, already have an innate ability of wisdom and is only strengthened through time and experiences that we acquire along th e way. Another highlight obtained in the movie is the depiction of married couples in late adulthood. It seems to me that I have to agree with the statement that married couples in their late adulthoods are more satisfied than middle aged couples because, with time they are bounded with commitment and respect; overcoming the hurdles in life together longer, growing stronger from it each time. For Carter, he appears to be happily married with his wife, Virginia, because of the effort, support, concern and commitment that Virginia shows to care for Carter in his times of need and I am sure Carter would do the same if Virginia was in his place. Hence, Carters view of marriage with respect, loyalty and faithfulness, in which he practicedShow MoreRelatedLate Adulthood Observation : Early Adulthood1541 Words   |  7 PagesLate Adulthood Observation The group I chose to observe is late adulthood. I proceeded to observe late adulthood people at the Eagle’s Bingo. The group participating in Bingo is a large group and consists of men and women, with very few young people. I observed the players for quite a long time and found the experience interesting. I noticed many different interactions among the group members but the most important is a lack of exclusion of any member from the group. The group consisted of peopleRead MoreEarly Adulthood : Adolescence, Middle Adulthood, And Late Adulthood1921 Words   |  8 Pagespeople in different stages of their adulthood which include: early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. For early adulthood, I asked someone who was in one of my classes because I wanted to have the perspective of someone who was going through college and wanted to know how they viewed their goals. For middle adulthood, I asked my mother because since we have a close relationship, I would be able t o elaborate more on her answers. For late adulthood, I had asked one of the residents fromRead MoreSummary of Young Adulthood and Late Adulthood Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesPhysical: While young adults do not grow significantly taller in their 20s, they typically grow stronger and healthier as their bodies reach adult size. In terms of overall health, as well as peak physical condition, early adulthood is the prime of life. With each year from 20 to 40, signs of senescence-the state of physical decline, in which the body gradually becomes less strong and efficient with age-become more apparent. All the body systems gradually become less efficient (though at differentRead MoreThe Value Of Aging : Late Adulthood1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe Value of Aging Late adulthood is a time many people tend to suppress in their minds. Late adulthood is often considered a time of physical and mental decline, but in reality for many older adults it is a time of mental and spiritual growth. During late adulthood, people tend to start reflecting on their lives and what is really important. During younger ages, people tend to focus on things that may not matter in the future, and spend time worrying about things that are unimportant. ThroughRead MoreLate Adulthood2745 Words   |  11 Pagessocial and physical activity; living arrangement; marital status; socio-economic status, and sociopolitical and sociocultural influences. Our objective in this paper is to explore these factors and how they influence life satisfaction in late adulthood. With late adulthood individuals may have accrued considerable life experience, which may be considered a significant internal resource. However, they may also have huge external resources in health and socio e conomic status. Personal Factors InternalRead MoreLate Adulthood705 Words   |  3 PagesJamia E. Phoenix January 19, 2016 Colorado Christian University In 1973, Phillip K. Zimbardo, a psychology professor at Stanford University. Zimbardo researching how prisoners and guards learned submissive and authoritarian roles. There was an ad placed in the newspaper by Zimbardo seeking male subjects to participate in his research experiment. There was a $15 per day compensation offered to the chosen participants. There were roughly 75 people to respond to the professors ad. However thereRead MoreRelationship Between Adulthood And Late Adulthood944 Words   |  4 PagesJournal #8: Relationships Young Adulthood to Late Adulthood During early adulthood ages twenty to forty, people enter the achieving stage according to the developmental psychologist K. Warner Shaie. In this stage young adults begin to be more focused on making decisions on what to do for the rest of their lives and whom to form relationships with. These decisions will soon make up the core of their happiness throughout adulthood. According to the psychologist Erik Erikson, this challenge of formingRead MoreLate Adulthood Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesLate Adulthood (age 60 Ââ€" 80) During this closing period in the life span of human beings, people tend to move away from previous more desirable periods often known as usefulness. Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are considered an elderly- meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline Ââ€" comes partly from physical and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a changeRead MoreEssay on Late Adulthood1394 Words   |  6 PagesLate Adulthood Late adulthood is known as the period of life after middle adulthood, usually from around 65 years old to death (Santrock, 2013, p. 485). There are many varying stages of development and health in late adulthood, along with steady changing of life expectancy. Aging is a part of life, and with it comes changes in every area of living. Many diseases find late adulthood as an opportune time to affect people. Eventually, whether caused by disease or another reason, every individual diesRead MoreLate Adulthood and Death855 Words   |  4 PagesLate Adulthood and Death According to Erikson stages of human development, late adulthood stage is between the ages 65 to death (Erikson, 1982). This stage is ego integrity versus despair involves individual to look back over one’s life and feel a sense of contentment and satisfaction (Erikson, 1982). Success at this stage leads to feeling of wisdom and failure to achieve results in bitterness, regret, and despair. This negative resolution manifests itself as a fear of death, a sense that life

Boko Haram Free Essays

string(176) " into exile by the British authorities, he refused to believe Mohammed was the Prophet and instigated riots in the country which resulted in the deaths of thousands of people\." Boko Haram From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Boko Haram People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet’s Teachings and Jihad | Participant in the Nigerian Sharia conflict| Active| 2002–| Ideology| Islamism Islamic fundamentalism Oppose man-made law Support strict sharia law| Leaders| Mohammed Yusuf Abubakar Shekau[1] Mallam Sanni Umaru[2][3][not in citation given]Abu Qaqa – spokesman[4] Abu Zaid – spokesman[3]| Headquarters| Kanamma, Nigeria| Area  of operations| Northern Nigeria| Opponents| Nigerian State| Battles/wars| Nigerian Sharia conflict 2009 Nigerian sectarian violence| Map of Nigerian states that currently implement Shariah (in green) People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet’s Teachings and Jihad[5] (Arabic: , Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati Wal-Jihad), better known by its Hausa name Boko Haram, is a jihadist terrorist organization based in the northeast of Nigeria. 6] It is an Islamist movement which strongly opposes man-made laws. Founded by Mohammed Yusuf in 2001[7] or 2002,[8] the organisation is a Muslim sect that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish sharia law in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Boko Haram or any similar topic only for you Order Now [9][10] The group is also known for attacking Christian churches. [11] The movement, whose name in the Hausa language, Boko Haram, translates as â€Å"Western education is sacrilege†[9] or â€Å"a sin†,[12] is divided into three factions, and in 2011, was responsible for more than 450 killings in Nigeria. 9] Though the group first became known internationally following sectarian violence in Nigeria in 2009, it does not have a clear structure or evident chain of command. [13] Moreover, it is still a matter of debate whether Boko Haram has links to terror outfits outside Nigeria and its fighters have frequently clashed with Nigeria’s central government. [9] Contents * 1 Etymology * 2 Ideology * 2. 1 Criticism * 3 History * 3. 1 Background * 3. 2 Origin * 3. 3 The beginning of violence * 3. 4 Reemergence * 4 Assessment * 5 Funding * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 External links| Etymology The group has adopted its official name to be People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet’s Teachings and Jihad, which is the English translation of Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad ( ). In the town of Maiduguri, where the group was formed, the residents dubbed it Boko Haram. The term â€Å"Boko Haram† comes from the Hausa word boko meaning â€Å"western education† and the Arabic word haram figuratively meaning â€Å"sin† (literally, â€Å"forbidden†). [14][15][16][17] The name, loosely translated from Hausa, means â€Å"western education is forbidden†. The group earned this name due to its strong opposition to anything Western, which it sees as corrupting Muslims. [18] Ideology Boko Haram is an indigenous Salafist group which only turned itself into a Salafist Jihadist group in 2009. [6] It propagates that not only interaction with the Western World is forbidden, but it is also against the Muslim establishment and the government of Nigeria. [19] The group publicly extols its ideology despite the fact that its founder and former leader Muhammad Yusuf was himself a highly educated man who lived a lavish life and drove a Mercedes Benz. 14] The members of the group do not interact with the local Muslim population[20] and have carried out assassinations in the past of any one who criticises it, including Muslim clerics. [18] In a 2009 BBC interview, Muhammad Yusuf, then leader of the group, stated his belief that the concept of a spherical Earth is contrary to Islamic teaching and should be rejected, along with Darwinian evolution and t he concept of rain originating from water evaporated by the sun. [21] Before his death, Yusuf reiterated the group’s objective of changing the current education system and rejecting democracy. 22] Nigerian academic Hussain Zakaria told BBC News that the controversial cleric had a graduate education, spoke proficient English, lived a lavish lifestyle and drove a Mercedes-Benz. [21] In the wake of the 2009 crackdown on its members and its subsequent reemergence, the growing frequency and geographical range of attacks attributed to Boko Haram have led some political and religious leaders in the north to the conclusion that the group has now expanded beyond its original religious composition to include not only Islamic militants, but criminal elements and disgruntled politicians as well. Boko Haram has become a franchise that anyone can buy into. It’s something like a Bermuda Triangle,† said Borno State Governor Kashim Shettima. [23] Criticism Dr Mu’azu Babang ida Aliyu, the Niger State governor, has criticised the group saying â€Å"Islam is known to be a religion of peace and does not condone violence and crime in any form† and Boko Haram doesn’t represent Islam. [24] The Sultan of Sokoto Sa’adu Abubakar, the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims, has called the sect â€Å"anti-Islamic† and, as reported by the website AllAfrica. om, â€Å"an embarrassment to Islam. â€Å"[25] The Coalition of Muslim Clerics in Nigeria (CMCN) have called on the Boko Haram to disarm and embrace peace. [26] The Islamic Circle of North America,[27] the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada,[28] The Muslim Council of Britain,[29] the Organization of Islamic Cooperation[30] and the Council on American Islamic Relations[31] have all condemned the group. History Background Main articles: Islam in Nigeria and Colonial Nigeria Before colonisation and subsequent annexation into the British Empire, the Bornu Empire ruled the territory where Boko Haram is currently active. It was a sovereign sultanate run according to the principles of the Constitution of Medina, with a majority Kanuri Muslim population. The Bornu Sultanate emerged after the overthrow of the Kanem-Bornu Empire ruled by the Saifawa dynasty for over 2000 years. The Bornu Sultanate of the Kanuri is distinct from the Sokoto Caliphate of the Hausa/Fulani established in 1802 by the military conquest of Usman dan Fodio. 6] Both the Bornu Sultanate and Sokoto Caliphate came under control of the British in 1903. However, due to activities of early Christian missionaries who used Western education as a tool for evangelism, it is viewed with suspicion by the local population. [18] Increased dissatisfaction gave rise to many fundamentalists among the Kanuri and other peoples of northeast Nigeria. One of the most famous such fundamentalists was Mohammed M arwa, also known as Maitatsine, who was at the height of his notoriety during the 1970s and 1980s. He was sent into exile by the British authorities, he refused to believe Mohammed was the Prophet and instigated riots in the country which resulted in the deaths of thousands of people. You read "Boko Haram" in category "Papers" Some analysts view Boko Haram as an extension of the Maitatsine riots. [32] Origin The group was founded by Mohammed Yusuf in 2002 in the city of Maiduguri with the aim of establishing a Shari’a government in Borno State under former Governor Ali Modu Sheriff. [7][32] He established a religious complex that included a mosque and a school where many poor families from across Nigeria and from neighboring countries enrolled their children. 18] The centre had ulterior political goals and soon it was also working as a recruiting ground for future jihadis to fight the state. [18] The group includes members who come from neighbouring Chad and Niger and speak only Arabic. [33] In 2004 the complex was relocated to Yusuf’s home state of Yobe in the villa ge Kanamma near the Niger border. [22] Human Rights Watch researcher Eric Guttschuss told IRIN News that Yusuf successfully attracted followers from unemployed youth â€Å"by speaking out against police and political corruption. Abdulkarim Mohammed, a researcher on Boko Haram, added that violent uprisings in Nigeria are ultimately due to â€Å"the fallout of frustration with corruption and the attendant social malaise of poverty and unemployment. â€Å"[34] The beginning of violence Timeline of incidents| 7 September 2010| Bauchi prison break[35]| 31 December 2010| December 2010 Abuja attack[36]| 22 April 2011| Boko Haram frees 14 prisoners during a jailbreak in Yola, Adamawa State[37]| 29 May 2011| May 2011 northern Nigeria bombings[38]| 6 June 2011| The group claims responsibility for the 2011 Abuja police headquarters bombing[39][40]| 26 June 2011| Bombing attack on a beer garden in Maiduguri, leaving 25 dead and 12 injured[41][42]| 10 July 2011| Bombing at the All Christian F ellowship Church in Suleja, Niger State[43]| 11 July 2011| The University of Maiduguri temperory closes down its campus citing security concerns[44]| 12 August 2011| Prominent Muslim Cleric Liman Bana is shot dead by Boko Haram[45]| 26 August 2011| 2011 Abuja bombing[46]| November 2011| 2011 Damaturu attacks[40][47][48]| 25 December 2011| December 2011 Nigeria bombings[49]| 5–6 January 2012| January 2012 Nigeria attacks[50]| 20 January 2012| January 2012 Kano bombings[51]| 28 January 2012| Nigerian army says it killed 11 Boko Haram insurgents[52]| 8 February 2012| Boko Haram claims responsibility for a suicide bombing at the army headquarters in Kaduna. [53]| 16 February 2012| Another prison break staged in central Nigeria; 119 prisoners are released, one warder killed. 54]| 8 March 2012| During a British hostage rescue attempt to free Italian engineer Franco Lamolinara and Briton Christopher McManus, abducted in 2011 by a splinter group Boko Haram, both hostages were killed. [55]| The group conducted its operations more or less peacefully during the first seven years of its existence[6] That changed in 2009 when the Nigerian government launched an investigation into the group’s activities following reports that its members were arming themselves. 56] Prior to that the government reportedly repeatedly ignored warnings about the increasingly militant character of the organisation, including that of a military officer. [56] When the government came into action, several members of the group were arrested in Bauchi, sparking deadly clashes with Nigerian security forces which led to the deaths of an estimated 700 people. During the fighting with the security forces Boko Haram fighters reportedly â€Å"used fuel-laden motorcycles† and â€Å"bows with poison arrows† to attack a police station. [57] The group’s founder and then leader Mohammed Yusuf was killed during this time while in police custody. 58][59][60] After Yusuf’s killing, a new leader emerged whose identity was not known at the time. [61] Reemergence After the killing of M. Yusuf, the group carried out its first terrorist attack in Borno in January 2010. It resulted in the killing of four people. [62] Since then, the violence has only escalated in terms of both frequency and intensity. In January 2012, Abubakar Shekau, a former deputy to Yusuf, appeared in a video posted on YouTube. According to Reuters, Shekau took control of the group after Yusuf’s death in 2009. [1] Authorities had previously believed that Shekau died during the violence in 2009. 63] By early 2012, the group was responsible for over 900 deaths. [64] Assessment Boko Haram is considered a major potential terrorist threat affecting Nigeria and other countries, and U. S. officials believe it is potentially allied with Al Qaeda. U. S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) Commander General Carter F. Ham stated in September 2011 that three African terrorist groups – Shabab of Somalia, Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb across the Sahel region, and Boko Haram – â€Å"have very explicitly and publicly voiced an intent to target Westerners, and the U. S. specifically† and that he was concerned with â€Å"the voiced intent of the three organizations to more closely collaborate and synchronize their efforts. â€Å"[65] General Ham reiterated his concern after the Christmas Day 2011 bombings of churches in Nigeria: â€Å"I remain greatly concerned about their stated intent to connect with Al Qaeda senior leadership, most likely through Al Qaeda in the lands of the Islamic Maghreb. †[65] The US House of Representatives Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence urged the Obama Administration and U. S. intelligence community in November 2011 to focus on Boko Haram as a potential threat to United States territory. [66] Nigeria’s National Security Adviser, General Owoye Andrew Azazi, has been working with other African governments, European and Middle Eastern governments, and the U. S. government to build cooperation against Boko Haram. He met in 2010 with then-CIA Director Leon Panetta, and in 2011 with AFRICOM Commander General Ham, and other U. S. fficials, and was in the United States when the congressional panel was preparing its report on Boko Haram. He participated in a CIA conference at about the same time. [67] After the Christmas 2011 bombings carried out by Boko Haram, President Barack Obama’s office issued a statement that confirmed that the U. S. and Nigeria were cooperating at a senior level against the terrorist group. [68] Funding A spokesman of Boko Haram claimed that Kano state governor Ibrahim Shekarau and Bauchi state governor Isa Yuguda has paid them monthly. [69][70] How to cite Boko Haram, Papers

Marketing Actions and Functions

Question: Write a report on any small or medium size company of Australia. It should include the followings: This assignment is in report form with the following headings:- Executive summary- Clear and concise target market, segments and positioning (includes positioning mapping) followed by the company- Comments on both Micro and Macro environmental forces affecting the company- Brief analysis of consumer perceptions and behaviour about the brand/company- Marketing Mix Answer: Introduction The marketing management assists the actions and functions, which are occupied in the distribution of commodities and services. In order to meet the increasing competition, the need for marketing management had increased. The significance of marketing mix has also augmented due to the need for enhanced techniques of distribution in order to decrease cost and to enhance profits. The importance of marketing mix is also due to the introduction of new products in the market. An effective marketing management in order to increase the base of the customer as well as to improve the opinions of the customers uses the resources of a company. This in turn increases the professed value of the company. The marketing management is mainly concerned with the chalking out of a specific program after the cautious analysis of the marketing condition. Aramac Food Pty Ltd is the small enterprise of Australia which has specialize its product in extracting flavor and syrup. The company adopted some unique marketing policies which made them to earn revenue better than other companies of Australia (Kotler 2012). Target Market Age The age for the customers lies from 1-100. They specialized in flavoring extract and the syrup. The target market covers all the age group who has a liking for syrup and flavoring extract. (Hollensen 2015). Gender The company covers the market of all age along with all gender. Though, mainly it covers the children and the women. Children gets attracted as the products could add flavor and chocolate in their milk. They even target the women as they could include the syrup as well as the flavoring extract in their recipes (Wrigley 2014). Interest The company covers the market of all age and gender. They mainly target people who like to add chocolate and flavoring extract in their food (Hollensen 2015). Geographic Location The company targets are in the Australian market. They mainly target the market of New South Wales of Australia (Hollensen 2015). Occupation Aramac Food Pty Ltd does not cover people according to any particular occupation. It can be brought to any family because of its low price and fine taste (Wrigley 2014). Segmentation Aramac Food Pty Ltd segmented the market into various groups. They segmented each group according to their choice of taste, preference and likings (G. Budeva and. Mullen 2014) Geographic Segmentation The company sells its product in the Australian market. It has its main focus on the New South Whales market (Cross et al. 2015). Demographic Market The company segmented its market according to different Age. The company segmented its product for different age. The syrup can be used for the children to add in their food to make it more. However; it creates a demand for the product. On the other hand women would like to add flavor with the product. It would add an extra advantage for their recipes (McDonald 2012). Psychological segmentation Aramac Food Pty Ltd segmented the product according to various attitude and interest of the people. The company segmented according to various lifestyles. The customers are there who would buy more of its product than its necessary. The segmentation of the customers also depends on their interest for the use of it. Like people with hobbies in cooking would like to use the syrup and the flavoring extract in their food. The company further segmented its product according to the taste. It has customers with different taste so the company made different flavors to satisfy the taste of each customer (Wrigley 2014). Behavioral Segmentation The company is established in the year of 1982 they have customers who are using their syrups and flavoring extracts for long time. They are the loyal customers of the company. The company specializes in manufacturing as well as in wholesaling. However, they give extra advantage of their customers through discount. While the company also has customers who started to use the product recently are the potential and the first time users. The company tries to capture their market through the usage of varies in terms of taste and flavor (McDonald 2012). Segmentation by benefits The company further segmented its product according to the quality and the image. A child of 7years has totally different image than that of his mother. The child would like to buy the product to add taste to his foods. However, the mother wants to make innovative recipes through the usage of it (Cross et al. 2015). Positioning The Aramac Food Pty Ltd is positioned as one the small enterprise of Australia. The company though shares a profit which I same comparing with the average company of the country. It manufactures the product and wholesales it to dealers. The company attracts a huge number of customers through their innovative process manufacturing and targeting their product. The product positioned for manufacturing the low cost product with high in quality. The company has a very low budget but earns more revenue comparing with its investment. The company is marketing the product through establishing an image in front of the customers. It is created through its unique process of marketing mix. It utilizes its price, product, place, promotion and people. The position of the market enables it to gain importance from its customers (Dulea Iulia - Andreea 2014). Target Market Analysis The best way to position its company is though a vivid analysis of its potential market. A company needs to develop the position strategy through the use of the target customers. The people, who want, need and has interest on the product. Aramac Food Pty Ltd utilizes the above strategy in positioning their product. The company consists of target audience of all age. But it has mainly children and women as their potential customers. So, they capture and utilize the market in terms of its position. The children want to have their product in their daily food. The company positioned it as they introduce variety of flavor for them. Naturally the parents are getting the product in a low cost. So, to meet their childs demand they used to buy them and use it regularly (Tompson and Kennedy 2013). Positioning in Advertisement Advertisement acts as an important factor to determine the position. Though, because of low investment of the company cannot invest in the advertisement. Though, they are using the online sites to position their product in the market (Slack 2015). Online sites offer search engine which is the most popular way to search the product for new generation. It enables them to position their produce in the market in much cost effective way. Positioning through price The company has its customers of all occupation. The product is used by most of the families. So, people with low income would have tough if the product is of high cost. Moreover the customers are mainly children. However, the company strategies lie to make the position in the market through its low price. It enables even the children to but the product with its low price. The low price strategy helps them to get a competitive advantage. People with low income groups prefer the brands of Aramac Food Pty Ltd rather than any other high price product of other brands (Handfield 2015). Positioning through Sales location The company targets mainly the market of North South Whales. It has numerous markets like Byron Bay market, The Bondi Market etc. the location consists of wide variety of customers along with the tourists. The company tries to capture the market of it. The company gets a wide variety of customers from the market. It has wide options of transportation so that it can be distributed to other markets. The good transport availability helps the customers to visit in the market of New South Wales. However, the company enables to capture wide variety of customers as well as other markets of Australia (Slack 2015). Micro Environment The micro environment consist are controlled by the management people. Customers Customers are the most important factor for any company. They are the one who leads to establish the demand for the product. Aramac Food Pty Ltd has the strongest customers. The customers demand enables the company to sales its product without much participation in the promotional activities. The customers mainly the children enable the company to have the regular customers (Mende et al. 2013). Employees The company does not consist of huge number of employees. It a small company with less number of employees. But its employees loyalty and coordination enables the firm to ensure a quality product for its customers (Lovelock et al. 2014). Competitors The company has wide variety of competitors in the brand of flavoring extract and the syrup. However, the company has strength over their competitors as they mainly produce branded products. Now with brands they are highly expensive products. It becomes tough for the low income parents to afford such brands regularly for their child. So the company gets an advantage over other brands for its pricing strategy (Paharia et al. 2014). Public The public refers to the people in general. It consists of people like environmentalists, customer protection groups, media person and the local people. It is important for the company to effective mange the group as it acts their opinion and views acts as an important factor (Hollensen 2015). Suppliers The company needs to have a good relation with the suppliers. Aramac Food Pty Ltd maintains that. This helps them to maintain the quality of their pocduct to be same for years. The suppliers of Aramac Food Pty Ltd enable them to provide products which are high I quality and reliability. The suppliers provide them with product with warranties and the products are obviously low in cost (Peck et al. 2013). Marketing Intermediaries Aramac Food Pty Ltd does only manufacture the product but they also wholesale their product. Now, the company needs to establish good relationship with the wholesalers and the agents so that help their product to sale in more quantity (Hollensen 2015). The efficient intermediaries would enable to act as a marketing agent. As they directly face the customers so it becomes easy for them to influence their customers. Macro environment Political Aramac Food Pty Ltd produces product is mainly consumed by the children. It is regulated by the Food Safety Standards. The company needs to maintain the firm standard as per the laws. Australia has a different set of laws and regulations. The laws are either loose or they are stringent. The company needs to understand the political situation of the country. At times there is political unrest. It is mainly due to the inflation in some markets. Aramac Food Pty Ltd need to understand the political factors attached with it and work accordingly (Gillam and Siriwardena 2013). Economic The recent economic downturn affected the company to some extensive level. The company needs to construct a strong sales and marketing team so that they could overcome such situations. Economic conditions has the highest influence in terms of any kind of business regardless of the trade it is in. though the company gets wide amount of revenue even in the economic downturn. It enables the company to get advantage over its competitors in terms of sales (Babatunde and Adebisi 2012). Social The company has a great influence of the society and the culture. It is mainly consumes by the children and the women in their recipes. The product need to maintain the quality mainly because of the children consumes it. The company needs to understand the psyche of the market and need to change accordingly (Lefebvre 2013). Technological The company produces the product in very less amount. The reason makes them not to use much of advanced technological machine. However, the demand for the product is increasing and the market is changing to more of advanced technology (Manyika et al. 2013). The company needs to adopt such strong technology in their product and produce it accordingly. Legal The law for the food and the beverage industry has become more stringent. The company needs to understand it. The main strategy o the company is to produce low cost food. The company needs to understand that for low cost foods they need to maintain the quality as well. Though, the company produces products which have high quality value. They need to adopt policies to maintain that (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Environmental The environmental sustainability has become one of the major concerns for the generation. Now, the company needs to adopt policy according to it. They need to adopt measures to support the environment. The company needs to adopt policy so that they are more environmental friendly. They need to curtail policies which they use goes against the environment (Hollensen 2015). Consumer Perceptions and Behavior The perception and the behavior depend upon the companys growth. Aramac Food Pty Ltd produces products for all age groups and that can e used by people of all income group. The perception of the customers enables the brand to make it sales high or low. The company has customers whose perception and the behavior and acting positively. However, it enables the brand to make more revenue from it (Cantallops and Salvi 2014). Influencing perception The company Aramac Food Pty Ltd is in the market for a long time. It enables the customers to use the product for longer period of time. The company also maintains its quality. It enables the customers to have perception that they want to use the product throughout their life. Reaching customers The company reaches a wide variety of customers through its intermediaries. It enables the customers to have faith on the brand. The faith does not only come from its loyal customers but also from the first time users. The first time users get the impression of the brands through its wholesalers and the retails. The companys good relation with the intermediaries enables them to reach wide among of customers (Aaker 2012). Risk perception The perception and the behavior of the customers also add with the risk factor of the company. There is always a risk associated with every product. Now the risk affects the customers to a large extend. It directly relates with the assumptions and the perceptions of the brand. It could on the other hand change the customers behavior on the brand. It is consumes by the children so Aramac Food Pty Ltd need to maintain the safety policy for its product (Kotler 2012). Customer retention The company needs to have plans for its growth. The growth can be achieved through expanding the customer base and the retention of the customers. The retention would help to expand the loyal customers. The loyal customers on the other hand ensure to expand the brand through suggesting it to other people (Mende et al. 2013). More the company retains its customers more the customers behavior would affect the brand in a positive way. Marketing Mix The marketing mix mainly refers to the set of actions as well as strategies that is used by a company in order to promote the products that is produced by the company. The marketing mix generally refers to the four Ps that includes the product, price, place and promotion. Price Price generally refers to that the value that is charged by a company. The Aramac Food Pty ltd. is mainly a small flavoring extract and syrup company and that is the reason the price it charges for the product are reasonable. The price mainly relies on the costs of production as well as the ability of the market to pay as well as to demand and supply. If the company charges a lower price for its product then it will in turn enhance the image of the product (Borden 2015). Product It mainly refers to the item that is being sold on the actual basis. The product that is delivered by Aramac Food Pty ltd. is the flavoring extract and syrup. However, being a small company the product that it delivers must deliver a minimum level of performance (Pavlou and Stewart 2015). Place The point of sale is referred to as the place. The Aramac Food Pty ltd. products are sold at a single location. This in turn does not help the company to draw many customers. As a result, the Aramac Food Pty ltd. should make the use of the place strategy to attract more customers to buy its products. (Goi 2015). Promotion Promotion is that activity that needs to be undertaken to make the product of a company known to the purchasers. The promotional strategies include the positive word of mouth, advertisement as well as incentives. However, Aramac Food Pty ltd. being a small company does not make use of the promotional strategies. The elements of marketing mix manipulate each other in the sense that these elements make up the exact business policy that leads to the success of the company. The marketing mix involves a lot of understanding as well as market research (Gordon 2012). Recommendations Aramac Food Pty Ltd is one the emerging firm of Australia. It has its strategy of maintain the low price for its product. The company does not use much promotional activities. However the company needs to understand the market of Australia. New companies are emerging in a fast pace. They all have the strategy to attract the market through lowering their price. The customers can shift into those brands because of better promotions of new entrants. The company needs to involve into the promotional activities like advertising through print media. They can even publicize their product through social networking sites as that would not take much involvement of cost (Aaker 2012). Aramac Food Pty Ltd should also involve in adding more variety of products into their segments. They could add chocolates and ice cream in their segments. The company can also expand their business through online sale. They need to create a website and can sell their product through those websites. They can add a mascot like clown or any cartoon character so to attract more children (Kotler 2012). Conclusion It can thus be concluded that the Aramac Food Pty ltd. being a small flavoring extract and syrup company should mainly focus on the marketing mix strategies. The target market includes each customers starting from the youth to the elder people and makes their sale be augmented. The strategies include low cost products to its customers. The company should incorporate the promotion strategies so that they can make their products known to the global customers. 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